General

How to Dress and Behave at Shrines and Onsen

· October 22, 2026 · 7 min read

Two of the most memorable experiences in Japan are walking through a torii gate to a quiet shrine and soaking in a steaming hot spring. Both come with customs that can feel mysterious, and visitors often worry about doing something wrong. The reassuring truth is that the rules are simple and based on respect and cleanliness. If you follow them, you will be welcomed.

This guide explains onsen etiquette step by step, then covers how to dress and behave at Shinto shrines and, briefly, Buddhist temples. It also addresses common concerns such as tattoos, photography and what to wear.

Part 1: Onsen etiquette

An onsen is a hot spring bath, and many ryokan (traditional inns) and public bathhouses have them. Bathing is typically done in the nude, in gender-separated baths, though some places have mixed bathing or private family baths (kashikiri). The key principle: the bath is for soaking, not washing, so you clean yourself thoroughly beforehand.

What to bring

A small towel (often provided; if not, bring or rent one)
A larger towel to dry off (usually provided at inns)
Toiletries (many facilities provide soap and shampoo)
A hair tie if you have long hair
Water to drink afterward

Step-by-step

Choose the right entrance. Signs usually show male (男) and female (女) in Japanese. Entrances may swap between days, so double-check. Look for noren curtains: blue often indicates men’s and red women’s, but check the kanji.
Undress in the changing room. Put your clothes in a basket or locker. Leave your large towel here.
Take the small towel with you. Use it for modesty as you walk to the washing area, if you like.
Wash thoroughly before entering the bath. Sit on a stool at a washing station, and use soap and shampoo. Rinse all soap off. Don’t splash others, and keep the shower head low.
Tie up long hair so it does not touch the water.
Enter the bath slowly. The water can be very hot. Ease in, and do not jump.
Keep the small towel out of the water. People usually fold it and place it on their head or on the side of the bath.
Relax quietly. Keep your voice low. Do not swim or splash.
Leave when you feel warm. Hot water can make you lightheaded. Take breaks, and do not stay too long.
Rinse or dry off before returning to the changing room. Wring out your small towel and wipe off excess water so you don’t drip on the floor.
Rehydrate. Drink water or a traditional post-bath drink if available.

What not to do

Do not wear swimsuits in traditional baths (unless the facility specifically allows or requires them).
Do not enter the bath without washing.
Do not put towels in the water.
Do not take photos or use a phone in the bathing area.
Do not drink alcohol before bathing, since it increases the risk of dizziness and accidents.
Do not bathe if you feel unwell, or if you have a condition that makes hot baths unsafe, without checking with a doctor first. People with heart conditions, high blood pressure, pregnancy or other concerns should seek medical advice before using hot springs.

Tattoos

Many onsen and public baths have policies restricting tattoos, historically due to associations with organized crime, though attitudes are changing in tourist areas. Policies vary: some places refuse entry, some ask you to cover small tattoos with a patch, and others welcome everyone. Check the facility’s policy before you go, and respect their decision. If tattoos are a concern, look for places that explicitly welcome tattooed guests or book a private bath.

Ryokan stays

If you stay at a ryokan, you will likely wear a yukata (light cotton robe) around the inn. Wrap the left side over the right and tie the obi at the hip. Slippers are for hallways, and you remove them before stepping on tatami mats. Dinner may be served in your room or a dining area at a set time, so tell the staff of allergies in advance.

Part 2: Shrine etiquette

A Shinto shrine (jinja) is a sacred place dedicated to kami, the spirits or deities of Shinto. Temples (tera or -ji) are Buddhist, with some different customs. Many visitors visit both, and the basic respectful behavior is similar: be calm, quiet and considerate.

How to recognize a shrine

Look for a torii gate at the entrance, usually red or wooden. Inside, you may see stone lanterns, a purification fountain, a main hall (honden) and a worship hall (haiden).

What to wear

There is no strict dress code for sightseeing. Dress modestly and comfortably. Avoid very revealing clothing, and remove hats if you are inside the shrine buildings. Comfortable shoes are useful, since there are often gravel paths and stairs. For ceremonies or formal occasions, dress more smartly.

Step-by-step at a shrine

Bow slightly at the torii gate before entering. Try to walk near the sides rather than in the center of the path, which is considered the path of the deity.
Purify at the temizuya (water pavilion). The common sequence is:
– Take the ladle in your right hand and rinse your left hand.
– Switch the ladle to your left hand and rinse your right hand.
– Pour a little water into your cupped left hand and rinse your mouth (do not drink directly from the ladle, and do not swallow). Some places discourage this step; follow signs.
– Rinse your left hand again.
– Tilt the ladle upright so the remaining water runs down the handle, and put it back.
Approach the main hall quietly.
Make an offering. Toss a coin into the offertory box if you wish. The amount is up to you.
Ring the bell if there is one.
Pray: bow twice, clap twice, bow once. Place your hands together while you make a silent wish or give thanks after the claps.
Leave calmly, and bow at the torii as you exit if you like.

Rules differ slightly between shrines, and some have special procedures. Observe what locals do and follow posted instructions.

Temple differences

At Buddhist temples, you typically do not clap. Instead, you press your hands together in silence and bow. Incense and candle offerings follow local rules. Take shoes off where indicated, and keep voices low in prayer halls.

Photography and behavior

Check signs about photography. Many interiors are off-limits.
Do not photograph people praying or ceremonies without permission.
Do not climb on structures or touch sacred objects unless allowed.
Avoid loud conversation, eating and smoking in the grounds.
Do not use drones or tripods unless permitted.
If you see a wedding procession, keep your distance and observe quietly.

Weather and practical tips

Many shrines involve outdoor walking, so bring layers and a compact umbrella.
Early mornings are quieter, particularly at famous sites.
Carry small coins for offerings.
Stairs and slopes can be steep; wear comfortable shoes.

To understand the spiritual background, see our guide to Japanese culture. For clothing and packing basics, our Japan travel guide has a checklist.

Japanese Culture Explained: Customs, Etiquette and Traditions
Japan Travel Guide: First-Timer Essentials for 2026

Frequently asked questions

Can I wear a swimsuit in an onsen?

In traditional onsen, no. Bathing is done nude. Some resort-style facilities have swimsuit areas, so check beforehand.

Can I visit an onsen if I have a tattoo?

Possibly. Policies vary widely. Check the facility’s rules, ask in advance, or choose a tattoo-friendly or private bath.

Do I have to pray at a shrine?

No. Visitors can simply look around quietly. If you want to pray, follow the bow, clap and bow routine.

Can women use onsen during their period?

Many baths have customs or rules about this, and policies vary. Consider a private bath or a footbath, or ask the facility.

Conclusion

Onsen and shrine etiquette comes down to cleanliness, quiet and respect. Wash before bathing, keep the towel out of the water, purify and bow at shrines, and observe what locals do. With these basics, you can enjoy two of Japan’s most atmospheric experiences without worry. Check tattoo and photography rules in advance, and go slowly.